T.S. Eliots The Wasteland Essays - Literature, Poetry,

T.S. Eliot's The Wasteland Uncusessfull male, female relationships are prevelant thourghout T.S. Eliots poem The Waist Land. Eliot reies on literary contrasts to illustrate the specific values of meaningful, effectual Ceremonies are prevalent throughout T.S. Eliots poem The Waste Land. Eliot relies on literary contrasts to illustrate the specific values of meaningful, effectual rituals of primitive society in contrast to the meaningless, broken, sham rituals of the modern day. These contrasts serve to show how ceremonies can become broken when they are missing vital components, or they are overloaded with too many. Even the way language is used in the poem furthers the point of ceremonies, both broken and not. The imagery of a primal ceremony is evident in the passage found in section V of The Waste. The last line of He who was living is now dead shows the passing of the primal ceremony; the connection to it that was once viable is now dead. The language used to describe the event is very rich and vivid: red, sweaty, stony. These words evoke an event that is without the cares of modern life- it is primal and hot. A couple of lines later Eliot talks of red sullen faces sneer and snarl/ From doors of mudcracked houses (ll. 344-345). These lines too seem to contain language that has a primal quality to it. From the primal roots of ceremony Eliot shows us the contrast of broken ceremonies. Some of these ceremonies are broken because they are lacking vital components. A major ceremony in The Waste Land is that of sex. The ceremony of sex is broken, however, because it is missing components of love and consent. An example of this appears in section II, lines 99-100, The change of Philomel, by the barbarous king/ So rudely forced; this is referring to the rape of Philomel by King Tereus of Thrace. The forcing of sex on an unwilling partner breaks the entire ceremony of sex. Rape is not the only way a broken sex ceremony can take place. The broken ceremony can also occur when there is a lack of love, as shown in lines 222-256. This passage describes a scene between the typist and the young man carbuncular. What passes between these two individuals is a sex ceremony that is devoid of love and emotion (except for, perhaps, the emotion of lust on the part of the young man). The typist is indifferent to the whole event and the young mans vanity requires no response (l. 241). For a ceremony to be effective, the participants have to have some degree of faith in what they are doing. They must believe that the ceremony will result in something worthwhile. The participants in this broken ceremony had no faith in what they were doing; they were just going through the motions. This is made obvious when the secretary says Well now thats done: and Im glad its over. (l. 252). Another way that broken ceremonies (broken due to lack of components) are presented in the poem, are ceremonies of nature. It seems as though the waste land is always waiting for the ceremony of rain, the bringing of water, to the dry land. For most of the poem the water never arrives because there is always something missing. In lines 331 and 332 Eliot says, Here is no water but only rock/ Rock and no water. In line 342 there is, dry sterile thunder without rain. The lack of water in ceremonies of nature that require it, lead to a broken ceremony.. Even at the beginning of the poem Eliot tells us that we, know only/ A heap of broken images, where the sun beats,/ And the dead tree gives no shelter, the cricket no relief,/ And the dry stone no sound of water. (ll. 21-24). Clearly this is wrong, and this lack of water is a main theme, and a main broken ceremony in The Waste Land. Conversely, ceremonies can also be broken when there are too many components in the ceremony, a something extra that serves to break them. In The Waste Land this is demonstrated by the presence of a third person in a ceremony that should contain only two. In

Gryposaurus - Facts and Figures

Gryposaurus - Facts and Figures Name: Gryposaurus (Greek for hook-nosed lizard); pronounced GRIP-oh-SORE-us Habitat: Woodlands of North America Historical Period: Late Cretaceous (85-75 million years ago) Size and Weight: Up to 40 feet long and five tons Diet: Plants Distinguishing Characteristics: Long, narrow skull; large bump on nose; occasional bipedal posture About Gryposaurus In most ways a typical hadrosauror duck-billed dinosaurof late Cretaceous North America, Gryposaurus was distinguished by the prominent, arched bump on its nose, from which its name {hook-nosed lizard) derives. As with other such ornately equipped dinosaurs (like the horned, frilled ceratopsians), paleontologists speculate that this feature evolved as a sexually selected characteristic that is, males with bigger, more prominent noses were more attractive to females during mating season. However, Gryposaurus may also have used its giant schnozz to honk and blare at fellow herd members, o alert them to skulking raptors and tyrannosaurs, and (somewhat less probably) it may even have poked the flanks of these predators with its nose in an attempt to drive them away. Like other hadrosaurs, the 30-foot-long, two-ton, plant-eating Gryposaurus was similar in behavior to modern bison and buffaloand the numerous fossil specimens that have been discovered across North America are a strong hint that this duck-billed dinosaur roamed the continent in herds (though whether these herds contained a few dozen, a few hundred, or a few thousand individuals is impossible to say). However, theres one important difference between these ancient hadrosaurs and modern cattle (or wildebeest): when startled by predators, Gryposaurus could run briefly on its two hind legs, which must have made for a comical sight during stampedes! The name Gryposaurus is often used interchangeably with Kritosaurus, thanks to the confusion surrounding this dinosaurs taxonomic history. The type fossil of Gryposaurus was discovered in Canadas Alberta Province in 1913, and later described and named by the Canadian paleontologist Lawrence Lambe. However, the American fossil hunter Barnum Brown had discovered a similar genus a few years earlier, in New Mexico, which he named Kritosaurus (separated lizard). The Gryposaurus skeleton described by Lambe provided additional clues about the proper reconstruction of the Kritosaurus skeleton, and although Brown himself proposed that the two genera should be synonymized, they have both managed to survive down to the present day. (We wont even mention the suggestion of Jack Horner that both Gryposaurus and Kritosaurus should be synonymized with Hadrosaurus!) Today, there are three generally accepted species of Gryposaurus. The type species, G. notabilis, is known by about two dozen skulls, as well as two more complete specimens that had originally been assigned to a since-synonymized species, G. incurvimanus. A second species, G. latidens, was discovered in Montana; its represented by fewer individuals than G. notabilis, the hooked nose of this species was set farther down its snout and its teeth of which were less derived (harking back to those of the much earlier Iguanodon). Finally, theres G. monumentensis, named in 2007 after the discovery of a single individual in Utah. As you may have guessed from its name, this Gryposaurus species was larger than the others, some adults attaining 40 feet in length and weights in the neighborhood of five tons.

The Harmful Effects of Red Tides

The Harmful Effects of Red Tides â€Å"Red tide† is the common name for what scientists now prefer to call â€Å"harmful algae blooms.† Harmful algae blooms (HAB) are the sudden proliferation of one or more species of microscopic plants (algae or phytoplankton), which live in the ocean and produce neurotoxins that can cause negative and sometimes fatal effects in fish, birds, marine mammals, and even humans. There are approximately 85 species of aquatic plants that can cause harmful algae blooms. In high concentrations, some HAB species can turn the water a reddish color, which is the source of the name red tide. Other species can turn the water green, brown, or purple, while others, although highly toxic, do not discolor the water at all. Most species of algae or phytoplankton are beneficial, not harmful. They are essential elements in the foundation of the global food chain. Without them, higher life forms, including humans, would not exist and could not survive. Causes Red tides are caused by the rapid multiplication of dinoflagellates, a type of phytoplankton. There is no single cause of red tides or other harmful algae blooms, though abundant nutrients must be present in sea water to support the explosive growth of dinoflagellates. A common source of nutrients is water pollution. Scientists generally believe that coastal pollution from human sewage, agricultural runoff, and other sources contributes to red tides, along with rising ocean temperatures. On the Pacific coast of the United States, for example, red tide occurrences have been increasing since about 1991. Scientists have correlated the increase of Pacific red tides, and other harmful algae blooms with a rise in ocean temperature of approximately one degree Celsius as well as increased nutrients in coastal waters from sewage and fertilizers. On the other hand, red tides and harmful algae blooms sometimes occur where there is no apparent link to human activity. Another way nutrients are brought to surface waters is by powerful, deep currents along coastlines. These currents, called upwellings, come from nutrient-rich bottom layers of the ocean and bring to the surface massive amounts of deep-water minerals and other nutrients. It appears that wind-driven, near-coast upwelling events are more likely to bring the right types of nutrients to cause large-scale harmful blooms, while current-generated, offshore upwellings seem to lack some necessary elements. Some red tides and harmful algae blooms along the Pacific coast also have been associated with cyclical El Nino weather patterns, which are influenced by global climate change. Interestingly, it appears that iron deficiencies in sea water may limit the ability of dinoflagellates to take advantage of the abundant nutrients present. In the eastern Gulf of Mexico, off the coast of Florida, and probably elsewhere, large amounts of dust blown west from Africas Sahara Desert, thousands of miles away, settle on the water during rain events. This dust is believed to contain significant amounts of iron, enough to trigger large red tide events. Effects on Human Health Most people who become ill from exposure to the toxins in harmful algae do so by eating contaminated seafood, particularly shellfish. However, toxins from some harmful algae can also infect people by spreading through the air. The most common human health problems associated with red tides and other harmful algae blooms are various types of gastrointestinal, respiratory, and neurological disorders. The natural toxins in harmful algae can cause a variety of illnesses. Most develop rapidly after exposure occurs and are characterized by severe symptoms such as diarrhea, vomiting, dizziness, and headaches. Most people recover within a few days, though some illnesses linked to harmful algae blooms can be fatal. Effects on Animal Populations Most shellfish filter seawater to collect their food. As they eat, they may consume toxic phytoplankton and accumulate toxins in their flesh, eventually becoming dangerous, even deadly, to fish, birds, animals, and humans. The shellfish themselves are unaffected by the toxins. Harmful algae blooms and subsequent shellfish contamination can cause massive fish kills. The dead fish continue to be health hazards because of the risk that they will be eaten by birds or marine mammals. Economic Impacts Red tides and other harmful algae blooms have serious economic as well as health impacts. Coastal communities that rely heavily on tourism often lose millions of dollars when dead fish wash up on beaches, tourists fall ill, or shellfish warnings are issued because of harmful algae blooms. Commercial fishing and shellfish businesses lose income when shellfish beds are closed, or harmful algae toxins contaminate their fish. Charter boat operators are also affected, receiving numerous cancellations even when the waters they typically fish are not affected by the harmful algae blooms. Likewise, tourism, recreation, and other industries may be adversely affected even though they are not directly hurt by the algae. When a bloom is reported, many people grow cautious, even though most water activities are safe during red tides and other harmful algae blooms. Calculating the actual economic cost of red tides and other harmful algae blooms is difficult, and not many figures exist. One study of three harmful algae blooms that took place in the 1970s and 1980s estimated losses of $15 million to $25 million for each of the three red tides. Given the inflation that has occurred in the decades since the cost in today’s dollars would be significantly higher.

Customer Strategy Plan of FedEx Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Customer Strategy Plan of FedEx - Assignment Example FedEx main metrics to retain the company’s most valued customers starts with examining potential avenues that could lead to loss of customers. The company will work to develop different ways to build value and strengthen its commercial relationship. There are four pivotal strategies FedEx can apply to win the client’s loyalty. The first is customer segmentation which involves the process of grouping the clients into segments based on their needs and preferences (Beck, 2010). Segmentation will allow FedEx to outline the major clienteles persona based on past relationship with the company. The main aim of this process is to identify what clients are committed to FedEx, up to what level they are loyal and what category do they fall under. Loyalty according to Beck (2010) is a result of customer orientation, brands in the market, the business transaction model and the client’s decision making. This will assist FedEx to determine what segments provide better opportunities so that the company can focus its resources, beneficial clients. The second strategy is to prioritize the customer needs using innovative means to offer tailor-made services. After realizing the customer’s realities FedEx intends to rise to the challenge by delivering the best value revising its service, price, and marketing strategy to boost the customer’s loyalty. FedEx seeks to elevate its staff skills to enable them to identify the customer’s specific need so as to provide them with the best solution to their need. Improving the employee’ skills according to Kumar and Reinartz (2012) allow the prospective customers receive personalized service. FedEx will revisit its pricing strategies to ensure that certain clien ts enjoy special annual discounts without sacrificing profit margins.  

Emergency Management Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 1

Emergency Management - Assignment Example The author is also keen to present the seven standards that define critical thinking in a bid to enlighten the reader. In the last chapters of the book, the author presents a review of the process involved in critical thinking. One of the concepts described in the definition of critical thinking. Using the SEE-I process it is possible to break down the definition of critical thinking ((Nosich 40). For example, certain political situations compel a leader to indulge in critical thinking. This is common when nations face economic recessions and a leader must think critically in a bid to identify effective strategies for addressing the issue. The globe is facing a new Ebola threat, which has proven to be more severe than those experienced in the past. West African countries have been adversely affected by the Ebola epidemic with a registered mortality of over 1000. This situation compels nations to indulge in critical thinking as they identify potential strategies of combating the spread of the disease. This may translate to a rigorous process of critical thinking that identifies the most effective solutions that leaders can adopt in their fight against Ebola (Frieden et al). Such critical thinking should consider the eight elements of reasoning highlighted in the assigned reading discussed

Method of data analysis Essay Example for Free

Method of data analysis Essay Thematic analysis was used to make meaningful deductions from the documented raw data. In thematic analysis, a concept is chosen for examination, and the analysis involves noting the frequency of its presence in the whole interview, and finding interrelations among the themes identified. The focus is at the occurrence of selected terms within a text or texts, although the terms may be implicit as well as explicit. While explicit terms obviously are easy to identify, coding for implicit terms and deciding their level of implication is complicated by the need to base judgments on a somewhat subjective system (Patton 2002). Simply put, the researcher read the documented surveys, and analyzed the inter-linkages of these responses. When responses are not explicit, inter-judge validation was used, with another researcher agreeing on the category under which the response may be grouped. The meaning and interpretation of each response was noted, and related to the organization’s overall profile. In this sense and taken as a holistic approach, the data from the chosen institution may be considered as a case study. Methodological Limitations The study also has methodological limitations. First, it did not make use of any other quantitative measure to study the phenomenon apart from qualitative procedure of thematic analysis (Patton 2002). Second, there was only one participant institution, Elfed and its responses may not be reflective of the population it represents (Zikmund 1997). It may be worth noting that the goal of the study is to generalize about the phenomenon across schools; thus, the use of participants from a cross-section of different learning institutions. Third, there were some time constraints on the part of both interviewer and interviewees, which may be a factor in the length of their responses or the duration of the interview. Had there been more time, more probing questions and more data may have been gathered. Moreover, since the study has been limited to an UK-based school, its conclusions may not be able to create a comprehensive generalization to other countries or regions. This is especially true when cultural and economic factors are taken into consideration. Biases in the responses may have occurred since the only source of primary data is the knowledge and perception of the interviewee. The respondent may not be so honest with their answers and express only what is socially desirable, especially because they were ‘carrying’ the name of their school. Logically, they would not want to put the school in a bad light. In addition, since the interviews were conducted at the place of work, the respondents may not be at ease in answering the questions. In effect, their responses may not be as candid or as honest (Denzin Lincoln 2000). Results and Discussion For this part of the study, the results gathered from both the interview and the focus group discussions will be presented in this part of the study. In addition to this, the results will be evaluated and examined with the literature presented in the review of related literature to gather any existing relationships or occurrences within the data gathered. For the first part of this section, the results of the focus group discussion will be presented and will be discussed.

Eating Disorders Essay -- essays research papers

Eating Disorders are extremely prevalent in today's society. Anorexia Nervosa and Bulimia Nervosa are characterized by gross disturbances in eating behavior. These disorders typically begin in adolescence or early adult life, affecting as many as "1 in 100 females between the ages of 12 and 18 (Bronwell & Foreyt 312)." Anorexia Nervosa is a complex disorder where the individaul refuses to maintain body weight over a normal weight for age and height. Also present, is an intense fer of gaining weight or becoming fat (Waller, Quinton, & Watson 127). People of this disorder say they "feel fat" even though they are obviously underweight or even emaciated. They become preoccupied with their body size and are usually dissatisfied with some feature of their physical apperarance (Bronwell & Foreyt 322). Weight loss is accomplished by a reduction of food intake. Self- induced vomiting or use of laxatives or diuretics are also common methods used to achieve weight loss. Many people with this disorder minimize the severity of their illness and are uninterested in, or resistant, to any type of therapy (Waller, Quinton, & Watson 152). Severe weight loss may eventually lead to hospitalization to prevent death by starvation. Bulimia Nervosa is a disorder in which the individual has recurrent episodes of binge eating. Self-induced vomiting usually terminates the binge (Browwell & Forey 335). Vomiting decreases the physical abdominal pain that occurs after an individual binges. Although binges may be pleasurble, self-criticism and a depressed mood often follow. People with this disorder exhibit great concern about their weight and make repeated attempts to control it by dieting, vomiting, or the use of diuretics (Bronwell & Forey 342). Weight fluctuations are common due to alternating fasts and binges. These people often feel that their life is dominated by conflicts surrounding eating. The Eating Attitudes Test (EAT-26) is a reliable and valid measure of symptoms commonly found in an eating disorder. The test was designed by Garner and Garfinkle in 1979. It was designed as a screening device for the detection of clinical eating disorders (Boyadjieva & Steinhausen 1996). Many clinicians have suggested that eating disorders are caused by extreme body focus. The EAT-26 is a twenty-six item test which focuses on body self-evaluati... ... likely to gain internal control by disturbed eating patterns. Once again, the EAT-26 was given to 406 girls who attended sxhools in England. As a result, the Asian girls had more unhealthy eating patterns overall. Parental overprotection showed a significant effect upon the results. Ethical differences did remain significant (McCourt & Waller 1995). Poor eating attitudes are also a product of the contradicting social pressures that affect the whole family. Asian girls found their mother to be overcontroling, thus it was the mother who attempted to control the children's behavior. It is not yet known whether these perceptions are correlated with reality. However, the possible influences may be used during family therapy (McCourt & Waller 1995). Eating disorders are prevelant in many different kinds of cultures. There are many internal and external factors that play into the disorder. The EAT-26 is a reliable test used in detecting possible disordered eating patterns in individuals. With this disorder on the rise, these tests are needed in the detection of the unhealthy patterns. Detection leads to education, which leads to intervention, which leads to eventual termination.

Historically Australian Indigenous Art Is Often Politically or Spiritually Motivated Essay

Historically Australian art is often politically or spiritually motivated. This statement is proved by a number of indigenous Australian artists including, Nellie Nakamarra Marks, who uses traditional techniques and motives to relay her spirituality, and Tony Albert, who recontextualises mainstream items, to create a postmodern collection, challenging the idea of stereotypical representations in mainstream culture. All spiritual beliefs in Aboriginal culture relate back to the idea of creation and dreaming. The dreaming is the ongoing cultural and spiritual progression that informs identity and knowledge, which is expressed through traditional indigenous art. This reflects a spiritual connection to the land, which is represented by signs and symbols as well as other various techniques, which are unique to traditional indigenous art. Signs and symbols can represent a particular location, object or landmark, or a particular story or totem that would be specific to a particular tribe, corroboree or dreamtime story. In traditional indigenous artworks, there is no perspective or fixed vanishing points for landscape artworks because indigenous Australians do not see their environment as a landscape, but their particular world and universe. They create a concept of place by using signs and symbols to create a map-like artwork, which represents their particular ‘world’ and universe. Essentially, traditional indigenous Australian artists are painting their spirituality, by expressing their connection to the land through signs, symbols and their world. Nellie Nakamarra Marks is a traditional indigenous artist, from the east of Kintore in the Northern Territory. In her work Kalipinypa, there is no set pattern and everything is connected which suggests her spiritualty and connection with the land. Her use of the traditional form of dot painting for her particular area of the Central Desert Region symbolises her world as she sees it, and how she heard about it through stories. In the middle of the right hand side there is lack of colour, which could symbolise a particular place that has particular spiritual significance. The dark shapes also look like leaves, which could represent the end of season and the coming of autumn, which is supported by the deep, vibrant colours in the painting. The colours also represent her region and place in Australia. The many different varieties of the same shapes could symbolise diversity within their own tribe, as well as the different shapes and movements of the land. The purpose of this artwork is to educate and pass on a particular story to younger generations. Postmodern art challenges mainstream ideas, which usually creates a political or social statement about modern society. Contemporary indigenous art in particular would be classified as postmodern because the artists are communicating their feelings and thoughts about certain aspects of society in modern Australia, which in turn, challenges some pre conceived notions about indigenous Australians in today’s society. These particular works by Tony Albert are postmodern, because he recontextualises items from recent history, that were used to create an unrealistic connection between White Australia and indigenous Australia in the 50’s and 60’s, to challenge history, both politically and socially. Tony Albert’s collection recycles kitsch black velvet paintings produced in Australia in the 1950’s and 1960’s. These velvet paintings were very popular in the last fifty years as home decorations, and like many objects from this period, they were characterized by their depictions of Aboriginal people as simple folk. These ornaments enabled white Australians of the time to have a distant and unrealistic connection to indigenous people. Albert recontextualises these paintings by introducing stenciled slogans to the paintings to create a complex and identifiable character. He uses the languages of politics and pop culture to reconnect the artworks with modern Australia and therefore reality. These slogans reclaim the faces of the aboriginals, transferring them from helpless and cute, to bold and complex, which asserts a modern identity and sense of self. This makes the characters more personal, which then creates a connection between the viewer and the subject that is mimicked throughout the collection. The slogans are derived from pop songs, nursery rhymes, advertising, political speeches and life stories, which has launched these velvet paintings into a new identity, which enables the viewer to connect with the characters beyond a stereotyped context. The generic and common velvet paintings have become empowered and personalized, asserting a new sense of self, which makes this collection truly compelling. This collection by Tony Albert, addresses the issue of stereotypical representations of indigenous Australians in mainstream culture. He challenges this present and historic issue of cultural alienation and displacement experienced by Indigenous Australians by appropriating slogans and recontextualising them to create a sense of lost identity and estrangement. Through the use of many different mediums, Aboriginal artists are motivated by their spirituality or political standpoint to produce art. This is shown by Nellie Nakamarra Marks, who is motivated by her connection to the land and her spirituality, and Tony Albert, who was trying to communicate the stereotypical views of indigenous Australians in mainstream culture. Kalipinypa – NELLIE NAKAMARRA MARKS Acrylic on linen, 90? 90cm Kalipinypa – NELLIE NAKAMARRA MARKS Acrylic on linen, 90? 90cm.

Jack Davis ( No Sugar Essay)

NO SUGAR (JACK DAVIS) Jack Davis’ â€Å"No Sugar†, written in 1985, is a play that highlights Australian racism and cultural destruction caused by British colonialism. It is set in 1929 (Great Depression) in Northam, Western Australia. The play explores the impacts of the European social and political philosophy of the early 20th century on Aboriginal society. The focal points of this play are the superiority of white people, racism, and the bond between Aboriginal families. These themes highlight Australian culture, and have shaped it into its many different forms for all Australian’s today.Jack Davis has used dialogue between the characters in this extract to privilege a postcolonial reading of the text. Davis uses dialogue in order to construct a world in which the aboriginal people can be identified to the audience as an ill-treated, oppressed race. Davis uses dialogue to represent how the colonized react to the social situations in which they were subjugated to, on a regular basis in the early times of colonization. â€Å"CISSIE: Aw mum, Old Tony the ding always sells us little shriveled ones and them wetjala kids big fat one. Through this dialogue the audience identifies that society at the time did not allow the colonized to be classed as the same standard as the colonizer. Davis lends this text to a postcolonial reading through the use of characterization. The use of characterization in the play reinforces the idea that the characters amplify a sort of submission to English culture displays to the audience the effect of colonization. Although the characters retain many of their aboriginal attributes, such as living off the land â€Å"Come on, let’s get these rabbits. They have allowed themselves and their culture to be colonized by accepting many of the British attributes such as playing cricket â€Å"DAVID and CISSIE play cricket with a home-made bat and ball. † The aboriginal people have allowed themselves to colon ized acquiring British aspects, which coincide with their aboriginal heritage. Through this extract the characters also begin to read the paper, the combination of the children playing cricket and the elder reading the paper appears from an outside point perspective a very British activity. Looking at the context, which surrounds the writing of the play, can also support a postcolonial reading.Another device used by Davis is stage directions principally used to invoke or create a rising dramatic tension, an example of this is â€Å"He nicks his finger with the axe and watches the blood drip to the ground. † This is symbolic of the Aboriginals manifesting frustration; they are inflicting pain on themselves because they know it isn’t possible to inflict pain on their conquerors. Jimmy’s character represents the rebellion of any marginalized race; he pushes the boundaries as far as he can. The fact that Aboriginals are â€Å"dancing† for the white Australian s shows their power.This dancing is a form of service provided by the Aboriginals, they are expressing their culture but to the people who have destroyed it. It could almost be read as a child trying to get an adults attention by jumping around and holding out what they want. To Jimmy these dancing Aboriginals are jumping around and showing the White Australians that they want their culture back. This reach out to white settlers shows how much more dominate they are and their culture is. Through the use of dramatic conventions Jack Davis’ play No Sugar can be read as a postcolonial criticism.It presents a number of issues with colonization and the particular effects it had on the Australian Aboriginal people. First performed in 1985, the play deals with the struggles of the aboriginal people and oppression in which they endured by white Australian society. The play was set in 1929, a time when aboriginal people were not yet accepted as equals in society. The main ideas presen ted in the play are shown through the dialogue, characters and context. This extract uses techniques to set the basis for the idea’s that will be expressed throughout the entire play.

Born Again

Born Again Born Again: A Comparison of Two Tales of ?The Lady with the Pet Dog? by Anton Chekhov and Joyce Carol Oates While the topics of love lost and hope reborn are common themes in literature, Anton Chekhov and Joyce Carol Oates tell two unconventional tales of love lost, and then born again in their versions of ?The Lady with the Pet Dog?. Reaching across time, culture and two continents, Chekhov and Oates tell tales of hidden love that reach deep into the lives, fears and hopes of married men and women who struggle to reach beyond their unfulfilling and loveless marriages to find love, hope and acceptance from others.In Chekhov?s version, we read the story of Dmitry Gurov, a middle-aged married man who meets young Anna Sergeyevna, while both are vacationing alone in the 19th century Russian resort town of Yalta. Oates updates this tale with her version, telling the story of Anna and a man only identified as ?the stranger? who meet in modern-day Nantucket, Massachusetts.Joyce Carol Oates, 2006

An Understanding of Sports Sponsorship in India

An Understanding of Sports Sponsorship in India 1. Introduction The boost in competition, produced by the globalization of markets, had made the marketing mix a key factor for companies to be successful, or even to stay alive (Hollensen, 2003). Promotion has become ever more useful to have an effect on consumers’ attitudes and behaviour as a part of the marketing mix. Conventionally, promotion was consisted of advertising, PR and sales promotions (Vignali, 1997). Nevertheless, in modern years, there has been a substantial improvement in sponsorship of organasations and events in the fields of the sports, arts, social aid and broadcasting. This improvement has placed sponsorship at the same level of significance than most conventional promotion tools, particularly advertising (Lardinoit and Derbaix, 2001). In 2004, as per the projections, global spending in sponsorship was estimated to reach US $28 billion (from $23.6 billion in 1999 and $2 billion in 1984), of which 69% relates to sporting events (Meenaghan, 2001). Sponsor ship is a business-related activity where one party allows another a chance to utilize an association with a target audience in exchange for funds, resources or services. Sponsorship activities are used by organisations in a various ways to create brand associations, awareness and to penetrate through the clutter of commercial messages (Fill, 2009). Sponsorship can also be defined as † an investment in cash or kind in an activity, in return for access to the exploitable commercial potential associated with that activity. The company promotes its interests and brands by tying them to a specific and meaningful related event or cause† (Rowley and Williams, 2008). Sponsorship investment primarily was perhaps seen as a type of philanthropy; the sponsors may be expecting simply goodwill or nothing as a return (Quattrocchi, 2004; Chadwick and Thwaites, 2005). Considerable amount of sponsorship investments were carried out with no precise explanation or business objective except for helping a favourite sport or event (Davies and Quattrocchi, 2002). As a result in quiet few cases, sponsorship has been talked about as a kind of corporate philanthropy that is the company’s share of profits restored back into community (Polonsky and Speed, 2001). Though, lot of researchers affirmed that corporate philanthropy that used to be ascertained as a pure dedication to the community did look for circumlocutory benefits in corporate image, positive attitude towards the company or social recognition in the community, which similar to desired objectives of business sponsorship nowadays (Martnez et al. 2005). Sponsorship investment has been escalating quickly for many years and sport is the biggest area that has been used by sponsorships (Drewer, 2006). Numerous researchers have been produced to reveal how sponsorship works and how its results could be evaluated hypothetically, but the questions still remain debating (Cornwell et al. 2005). Sport has developed into a professional product or a service over the years. The increasing relevance in professional sport has turned it into a productive business, producing great revenues annually (Mason & Cochetel, 2006). Sport players and games have become commercial possessions offering companies new occasions to communicate and develop their brands (Morgen, 2004). Given the verity that sport sponsorships are usually more profitable compared to art or social cause sponsorships (Walliser, 2003), it can be concluded that sport sponsorship is an instrument of communications that ought to be given serious thought as a business investment. The allocations of limited resources with the purpose of attaining definite organisations’ objectives are important segments of sport sponsorship (Slack and Bentz, 1996). Therefore, it has repeatedly been described as a strategic activity in the marketing literature (Carter, 1996).

To what extent advertising affects women Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

To what extent advertising affects women - Essay Example In a more specific term, the paper will critically analyze the effects of advertisement to the female or women audience relative to the use of sex, female models, women as sex objects and the superwoman. Before examining the effects of advertisements to the female audience, it is important to have an overview on what is advertising. In brief, advertising is the tool used to promote a product or a service to the intended market or audience. Advertisements are used to draw the attention of the consumers and prospect market and highlight the importance or the characteristics of the product or service. In the earlier years of advertising, barbershops used strips of red, white, and blue to advertise their services. However, due to the enhancement of technology, many had used every medium platform to advertise. Today, advertising has many forms which come from print to multimedia, and down to social networking websites (Petley 4). In relation to the term gender role, it is defined as the norms of a certain culture that is associated with the male and female. Therefore, in order for advertisements to be effective in a certain culture, advertisers must learn the past, the origin, and the current gender roles of the target audience. In certain societies, men and women have lesser differences; however, there are also societies where the masculine values are considered higher than the feminine values. Nonetheless, according to McArthur and Resk, in most of the cultures, gender roles differ in six major aspects, which include credibility, role, location, persuasive arguments, rewards and product type (qtd. in Ifezue 15). Credibility differs among men and women in most cultures because men are considered more authoritative than women. This can be supplemented by independent roles that man portrays, while women portray roles that are dependent on their relationships with other people. Due to the authority of men,